Bibliography

Books:

• Breward, C. (1995).The Culture Of Fashion. Manchester University Press, Manchester and New York.
• Corson, R. (2005). Fashion In Hair- The First Five Thousand Years. Peter Owen Publishers.
• Corson, R. (2010). Fashion In Makeup - From Ancient To Modern Times. Revised Edition, third edition, Peter Owen Publishers.
• Darraj, S. (2009). Anna Sui ( Asian Americans of Achievement) , Chelsea House Publications New York.
• Dickens, C. (2002), Great Expectations, published by Penguin Classics; Revised edition.
• Mitchell, S. (1996). Daily Life in Victorian England. Greenwood Publishing Group. Edition: illustrated.
• Musgrove, J. (2003). Make-up, hair and costume for film and television (Media Manual). Published by Focal Press. 
• P. & Shaw P Bain (1998). Blackletter: Type and National Identity. Princeton. Architectural Press, 1998. Edition: Illustrated. 
• Steele, V. (2003).The Corset - A cultural history. Yale University Press , New Haven & London, printed in Singapore.
• Tarrant, N. (1996). The Development of Costume. Published by the National Museums of Scotland, and Routledge.
• Yarwood, D. (1993). Fashion in the Western World. Published by Batsford, B.T. 

Catwalk shows:

• Comme Des Garcons, 2014 Spring/Summer Paris Fashion Week
• Michael Lau, 'The mummy returns meets Halloween' 2010 Spring/Summer Hong Kong fashion week

Films, TV and Theatre:

• All Hallows' Eve. (2013). [film] United States: Damien Leone.
• American Horror Story: Freak Show. (2014-2015). [TV series] United States: Brad Falchuk, Ryan Murphy. 
• Fear of Clowns. (2004). [film] United States: Kevin Kangas.
• Great Expectations. (1946). [film] United Kingdom: David Lean.
• Great Expectations. (1999). [TV serial] United Kingdom: Julian Jarrold. 
• Great Expectations. (2005). [Theatre] United Kingdom: Holdsworth Drama.
• Great Expectations. (2011). [TV serial] United Kingdom: Brian Kirk. 
• Great Expectations. (2012). [film] United Kingdom: Mike Newell.
• Great Expectations. (2013). [Theatre] United Kingdom: Beckman Unicorn Presents.
• It. (1990). [film] United States: Tommy Lee Wallace.
• Jane Eyre. (2011). [film] United Kingdom: Cary Joji Fukunaga. 
• Supernatural Season 7 episode 14. (2012). [TV series] United States: Eric Kripke.
• The Young Victoria. (2009). [film] United Kingdom: Jean-Marc Valee.
• The way we live now. (2001). [TV mini series] United Kingdom: David Yates.
• The art of Gothic- Britain's midnight hour: Liberty diversity depravity. (2014). [TV Show] United Kingdom: BBC4
• The art of Gothic- Britain;s midnight hour: the city and the soul. (2014). [TV Show] United Kingdom: BBC4
• The art of Gothic -Britain's midnight hour: Blood for sale. (2014). [TV Show] United Kingdom: BBC4 

Websites:

• ADMIN IN PR STUNT, PR STUNTS, PUBLICITY STUNTS, TELEVISIONPR., 2014. WHAT THE DICKENS? MISS HAVISHAMS INVADE LONDON! [Online]. Available at: http://www.taylorherring.com/blog/index.php/2014/05/what-the-dickens-miss-havishams-invade-london/#.VUYj0sJFDIV [Assessed 07/02/2015]
• Asher Kade, [no date]. Memento Mori: Victorian Photographs of the Dead [Online]. Available at: http://www.amazon.com/Blackletter-National-Identity-Paul-Shaw/dp/1568981252 [Assessed 07/02/2015]
• circa 1890, 2013. Good Luck Symbols - Flora & Fauna of the Victorian and Edwardian period [Online]. Available at: http://www.circa1890.com/articles/article/8808782/174323.htm [Assessed 15/01/2015]
• Connie Glasheen, 2012. Victorian flower color symbolism [Online]. Available at: http://www.examiner.com/article/victorian-flower-color-symbolism [Assessed 05/02/2015]
• Dolores Molet, 2014. Women's Fashions of the Victorian Era: From Hoop Skirts to Bustles - 1837- 1901 [Online]. Available at: http://hubpages.com/hub/Fashion-History-Victorian-Costume-and-Design-Trends-1837-1900-With-Pictures [Assessed 13/01/2015]
• Fashion One, 2011. The Discipline of Fashion [Online]. Available at: http://www.fashionone.com/news/2011/09/10/the-discipline-of-fashion/ [Assessed 22/02//2015]
• Finlo Rohrer, 2008. Why are clowns scary? [Online]. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7191721.stm [Assessed 20/03/2015]
• Gwynne Watkins, 2014. An Expert Explains Why You're Scared Of Creepy Clowns And Other Horror Tropes [Online]. Available at: http://www.vulture.com/2014/10/expert-explains-why-youre-scared-of-clowns.html [Assessed 20/03/2015]
• History Learning Site, 2014. "Womens Rights" [Online]. Available at: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/womensrights.htm [Assessed 13/01/2015]
• holyholyfashion, 2012. CIRCUS MAXIMUS- ACNE PAPER [Online]. Available at:http://www.holyholyfashion.com/2012/05/circus-maximus-by-acne-paper.html [Assessed 27/03/2015]
• Jessica Revitte, 2012. Beauty Retrospective: Victorian Vixen [Online]. Available at: http://blog.shesaidbeauty.com/2012/09/02/beauty-retrospective-victorian-vixen/ [Assessed 13/01/2015]
• Jennifer Farley, 2009. The Blackletter Typeface: A Long And Colored History [Online]. Available at: http://www.sitepoint.com/the-blackletter-typeface-a-long-and-colored-history/ [Assessed 29/03/2015]
• Jueves, 2011. History of the Victorian Corset [Online]. Available at: http://victorianeracnr.blogspot.co.uk/ [Assessed 15/01/2015]
• Lori Elliott, 2013. Victorian Shampoo Alternatives [Online]. Available at: http://ourheritageofhealth.com/victorian-shampoo-alternatives/ [Assessed 13/01/2015]
• Mariana Leung, 2009. Pale And Sculptural Gothic Fashion- Michael Lau At HK Fashion Week [Online]. Available at: http://www.courtesanmacabre.com/2009/11/pale-and-sculptural-gothic-fashion.html [Assessed 22/03/2015]
• Marry Jim, [no date]. History Of Wedding Dresses [Online]. Available at: https://www.marryjim.com/en/page/show/id/30/template/history [Assessed 24/01/2015]
• Michelle Tapire, [no date]. Victorian Beauty Treatments [Online]. Available at: http://www.ehow.co.uk/info_8284567_victorian-beauty-treatments.html [Assessed 16/01/2015]
• Natalie Rigg, 2014. Julien d'ys on Comme des Garcons [Online]. Available at: http://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/19706/1/julien-d-ys-on-comme-des-garcons [Assessed 20/03/2015]
• Nicki Howell, 2013. Dark Red Circles Under the Eyes [Online]. Available at: http://www.livestrong.com/article/306832-dark-red-circles-under-the-eyes/ [Assessed 01/02/2015]
• Olivia Goldhill, 2014. Why are we so scared of clowns? [Online]. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/halloween/11194653/Why-are-we-so-scared-of-clowns.html [Assessed 20/03/2015]
• R.S. Fleming, 2012. Early Victorian Era Make-up; cosmetics & embellishments [Online]. Available at: http://www.katetattersall.com/early-victorian-era-make-up/ [13/01/2015]
• R.S. Fleming, 2013. Victorian Feminine Ideal: about the perfect silhouette, hygiene, grooming, & body sculpting [Online]. Available at: http://www.katetattersall.com/victorian-feminine-ideal-the-perfect-silhouette-hygiene-grooming-body-sculpting/ [Assessed 13/01/2015]
• The Ghost Diaries, [no date]. Memento Mori: Victorian Death Photos [Online]. Available at: http://theghostdiaries.com/memento-mori-victorian-death-photos/ [Assessed 07/02/2015]
• Vintage Victorian, [no date]. Finishing Touches - Illustrations And Descriptions Of Ladies' Hairstyles And Headdresses From The 1850s And 1860s [Online].Available at: http://www.vintagevictorian.com/costume_1860_acc.html [Assessed at: 21/01/2015]

Evaluation of Claudia & Quentin's project

In the second half of the project, I've researched further about Gothic Horror in different areas, such as modern fashion, films and TV series, how the cultures have influenced them. For Claudia and Quentin's project, in order to understand more about clowns, I've researched how clowns have become a horror character and also the reason why many people afraid of clowns. This allows me to comprehend about the evil clowns and helps me to develop my Claudia character. The practice that I've done on myself helps me to know what I need to improve and things I need to change on my designs. I found the most challenging part of Quentin’s design is to make the stitches on Quentin's mouth look realistic. When I did the practice on myself, I've put too much blood and it resulted looking unrealistic. But when I did the final shoot, I think it comes out better and look better. For Claudia’s final design, by practice drawing lines and curves on the face, I feel more confident now and my skills have improved. From this project, I've also learnt different horror archetypes in Gothic horror films and TV series and also understand how different colours and tones can change the mood of the photo. Overall, I'm pleased with the final outcome of the looks. I really enjoy this unit because it allows me to explore my ideas and create our own characters. 

Claudia & Quentin (Final Images)

Claudia

On above, I've asked my model to hold a mirror when we do the shoot and it helps to reflect the clown make-up on the other side of the face. I like how at the front, you just see a normal looking face, but through the mirror, you can see another side of Claudia.  

 I've asked my model to pose confidently and powerfully by crossing her arms and lift up her head a bit while looking down. The reason I want this effect is because I want to show what Claudia looks like when she locked Quentin in the room and punish him. 
On below are the photos after edited:

 I have edited this photo and I really like the dark and greenish tone on the photo and I think it creates a very scary mood. The clown face stand out in this photo and I like how my model put her arms on her waist to show a powerful and confident pose. 

 I've edited the same photo as the previous one and I want to compare the different effects, how different the mood has changed with different effects. On this photo, the way it is black and white also gives and creates an uncanny atmosphere. Because it is black and white, the striped lines on the blazer stand out more compare to the previous photo.

Quentin

I like the photo on the right as it shows the tattoo of Claudia's name clearly and I've edited the brightness and the contrast of the photo. 

I've edited these two photos in black and white and I like how the stripe lines of the light shinning through the window and the black and white effect helps to create a setting that Quentin is locked in a dark room. The way Quentin look out from the window shows the difference between the dark room and a very different world outside Claudia's house.

Claudia and Quentin

 I really like these photos and the way Quentin look at Claudia at the back. The photo on the right, I have focused on Quentin's face while Claudia's face being blurred when I took the photo as I want to make the focal point on this photo on Quentin looking at Quentin. It looks like he follows her and do what Claudia told him to do. 

 On the photo above, I've edited the brightest and the contrast of the photo and this helps the colour of the photo stands out more. 

I have edited the photo to kind of like an old vintage image and the background looks a bit greenish which gives a mysterious mood to the photo. 

I have edited this photo to black and white and I like the way there are lights shinny through the window and the way Claudia put her hands on Quentin's shoulder. 

 On this photo, I like how I asked my model to stand facing Quentin and it only shows the clown make-up side of her face. The way she looks evil whiling looking at Quentin and how Quentin with no expressions create an uncanny atmosphere and this makes the photo more interesting as the audience will think what will happen next after looking at this photo.

Steps of creating Claudia & Quentin's character

Creating Quentin's makeup design:
Equipments:

• Cleanser, toner, moisturizer
• An apron
• Cotton buds
• Cotton pads
• Kryolan FX Blood
• Kryolan supracolor palette
• Kryolan blush palette
• Duo eyelash glue
• Matte primer 
• MAC Liquid Foundation
• Kryolan foundation palette (N B4)
• Powder
• A puff
• Fine brushes x 2
• An angle brush
• A contouring brush
• Black threads
• An orange sponge

1. Cleanse, tone and moisturizer the model's face. Put the apron on the model. Ask the model if he has any allergies or wear contact lenses.
2. Apply the matte primer on the face.
3. Mix the colour N B4 from the Kryolan foundation palette with MAC Liquid foundation and apply it onto the face. Apply powder onto the face with a puff.
4. Use an angle brush and apply the black eye shadow onto the brows.
5. Apply the dark brown colour contouring from the Kryolan blush palette under the cheekbones.
6. Mix the colour white and black from the Kryolan supracolor palette together to create a dark grey colour. Apply the mixture to the eye bags and inner corner of the eyes to create dark circles effect.
7. Apply some black colour using a fine brush on the place where you stick the black thread (stitches) on and after that use the eyelash glue and stick the threads onto the face.
8. After the eyelash glue dry, stipple some red colour around the stitches and apply some blood around it to create bleeding effect.
9. Use the collection gel liner to draw Claudia's name onto the left forearm.
10. Use an orange sponge and stipple some 079 and 081 from Kryolan supracolor palette to create a new bruise effect.

Quentin's hair design:
Equipments:

• A brush
• Fish Hair gel

1. Brush the hair first.
2. Get some hair gel into your palm and work it into your hands. After that, run through the hair with your hands and create the style of messy, spiky hair.

Creating Claudia's makeup design:
Equipments:

• Cleanser, toner, moisturizer
• Cotton pads
• Cotton buds
• Pritt stick
• Water
• A bowl
• An apron
• A spatula
• Steel palette
• Matte primer
• Powder
• A puff
• Illamasqua white base
• MAC liquid foundation
• Kryolan concealer palette
• Collection black gel liner
• Illamasqua contour palette
• Kryolan blush palette
• Kryolan eye shadow palette
• Kryolan lip palette
• Illamasqua blush palette
• Kryolan supracolor palette
• Kryolan glamour glow eye shadow palette
• Illamasqua netural eye shadow palette
• Foundation brushes
• Fine brushes
• Lip brushes
• Angle brushes
• Eye shadow brushes
• Contouring brushes
• Blush brushes

1. Cleanse, tone and moisturizer the model's face. Put the apron on the model. Ask the model if she has any allergies or wear contact lenses.
2. Apply the matte primer on the model's face.
3. Apply the glue on the brow (left) using a spatula and use the finger to press the glue onto the brows. Apply a few more layers until the brow has got a smooth surface and no hair stuck out. Use a baby bud and water to clean the edges.
4. After the glue is dry, apply the white base to the left side of the face. Use a buffing brush to blend the white base evenly. Remember to apply it onto the ears and neck as well. Use the white colour from the supracolour palette to cover more layer on the brows.
5. Then apply powder using a puff onto the left side of the face.
6. For the right side of the face, apply the foundation with a foundation brush and then apply powder using a puff.
7. Use the black pepper colour from the Kryolan eye shadow palette and apply it to the brow on the right with an angle brush.
8. Lid (Right) Apply the pale tan colour from the Kryolan glamour glow eye shadow palette on the lid first and then apply the bronzing sun colour afterwards. Apply the mascara with a disposable mascara onto the eyelashes on the right eye only.
9. (Right face) Apply the brown colour from the Illamasqua contour palette under the cheekbones. Then, use the Illamasqua lover colour blush and apply it to the cheek.
10. (Left face) Apply the black eye shadow from the Illamasqua neutral palette onto the lid and lower lash line. After that apply the purple colour from Kryolan eye shadow palette around the black eye shadow and blend them together.
11. (Left face) Use the collection black gel liner and apply it to the upper and lower lashline, create patterns on the eye bags, draw the patterns on the forehead, around the nose and also the shape of the mouth and the smiling line.
12. (Left face) Apply the black pepper colour from Kryolan eye shadow palette under the cheekbones as contouring and also around the edges of the face as well, including the neck to separate the two side of the face more clearly. Apply the black eye shadow under the patterns on the forehead, around the nose and also under the mouth.
13. (Left face)Apply the youth red colour from the Kryolan blush palette with a blush brush on the cheek and create circle shape.
14. (Left face) Blend the black colour from the patterns on the forehead and the outlines around the mouth.
15. (Left face) Fill in the lips with the LC009 colour from Kryolan lip palette with a lip brush. Then apply the black colour from the Kryolan supracolor palette on the inner lips and blend it a bit. After that apply the white colour from the supracolor palette to the lips as well.
16. (Right face) For the lips, apply the colour LC003 from Kryolan lip palette with a lip brush.

Claudia's hair design:
Equipments:

• A paddle brush, a comb and a tail comb
• Hair spray
• Heat protector
• A hair crimper
• A black hat
• Sectioning clips

1. First brush through the hair and make sure there are no tangles.
2. Section the hair : Create middle parting and after that section the hair and do the crimping process.
3. After finish crimping the hair, use a paddle brush and brush the hair. Backcomb the top part of the hair.
4. Put the black hat on the model.

Practicing Claudia and Quentin's final make-up design on myself

Quentin's face chart

Quentin's hand chart

In order to improve next time, I should put less blood on and around the stitches because I think this time, I've put too much and it looks a bit overdone. I can put more black colour around the stitches to create more depth which will make the look more realistic. I like the contouring, the bruise I've done on the forehead and also the dark circles and I think they works well for my design.

 

I like the tattoo that I've drawn and to improve next time, I should draw it more towards the outer arm.

I like the bruise that I've done on my arm and that is what I want for my design. Compare to the bruise on the forehead, the reason why this is red in colour because I want to present this as a new bruise while the forehead one is an old one which shows Claudia's having a bad day and its not the first time Quentin 'morph into an uncouth couch potato chav' for her .


Claudia's face chart



(Clown side) For the eyebrows, I should put more layer so the texture will be more smooth. I can blend the eye shadow a bit more to the brows, so it will look more natural. I found it difficult to apply the black eye shadow on the lid after I have applied the white base on the face, but next time, I will try to put more black eye shadow to make the colour stand out more. For the clown lips, I should draw it upper so it will look like she has an evil smile and also I can make the red on the lips bolder.

 

But overall, I'm pleased with this practice of the two makeup looks for Claudia and Quentin and I'm looking forward to do my design on my models. 

 

Outfits and Props for Claudia & Quentin's shoot

Claudia:

To create a clown outfit, I have bought a striped blazer and a black top for my model to wear during the shoot. I have prepared a white collar and a hat as well to make the outfit more likely to look like a clown. For the bottom, my model will wear black jeans so to match the hat and the black top. 

I will use a mirror for Claudia's shoot as I want to use mirror to reflect one side of the makeup on her face and when she takes the photo, she will be holding the mirror.

 

Quentin:

For Quentin's outfit, I have bought a short sleeves black plain top and I've decided to cut holes on the t-shirt because I want to create and add style to it. Another reason is that I want to make it look old and a bit ripped off to make the style matches the makeup and create horror effects. The way Claudia likes to watch horror TV series link to her imagination of both Quentin's looks and character. For the bottom, my model will wear black jeans as well so to match Claudia's outfit.

 

Final designs facecharts & haircharts for Claudia & Quentin's character

Quentin

Quentin's final hair design

The reason I've chosen design 1 for my final look for Quentin is because I like how the hair is messy and spiky and it is suitable for Quentin's scene as I portray Claudia lock Quentin in a room and punish him to express her emotions, so the hair will look a bit messy.


Quentin's face chart



On above is Quentin's final design face chart and the reason I choose design 2 is because I like the way the stitches are placed and forms a W patterns rather than just all placing vertically. I also like how I use the dark circles and dark brown shading to give tired look for Quentin and I think it gives a more scary effects. The skin tone will be the same as the model so the foundation will match the skin tone of him. The way there is a bruise on the forehead make the design more interesting and I like how I created an old bruise to show it is not the first time Claudia punishing Quentin.



Quentin's hand chart

I've added the hand chart for Quentin's design because I want to do something more to show how important Quentin is for Claudia and I've used a tattoo which is Claudia's name to show and symbolize so the audience will notice their relationship. I've also added a bruise on the right arm because compare to the bruise on the forehead, the bruise on the arm is a new bruise as it is red in colour, but on the forehead one, it is like purplish, bluish colour which shows an older bruise. These help to show that it's not the first time Claudia is having a bad day and she imagine Quentin 'morph into an uncouth potato chav with all that brings with it' and this is the way she express her emotions. For the tattoo, I have used the font call 'English Towne' which is a modern version fonts of the blackletter.

Claudia

I've chosen hair design 2 because I like the crimp patterns on the hairstyle which I think it suits the clown's character and I like how it gives the hair a bit texture. The way I add a black hat which gives a more powerful looking for Claudia and I like the way the middle parting is shown clearly on this design.

I have chosen design 3 for my Claudia's final look as I like how I divide the face into two parts to show and express the ideas of Claudia's personality in the story. The evil clown is used to show she likes to watch horror TV series and is used to fulfill her childhood memories which make her feel happier. While on the normal makeup side, it shows a normal character of Claudia, just like the girls in daily lives and I like this contrast of makeup and I think it works well with the design of my Claudia's character. The contrast of the makeup also presents her as psychotic. The script is scripted that she can be seen as humorous which links to the evil smile on the clown makeup.